1. We all know we are the product of our genes, what are all the steps from gene to us?
我们都知道基因决定了每个个体,但基因是如何使我们成为现在的我们的呢?

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2. Most cells in your body have two copies of every chromosome and, therefore, two copies of every gene: one from your mother and one from your father.
没条染色体在身体内的大多数细胞内都有两份拷贝,因此,每个基因也都具有两份拷贝:一份来自母亲,一份来自父亲。

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3. The breakthrough permits direct detection of each nucleotide, allowing an entire gene to be sequenced in about an hour.
这个重大的突破允许直接检测每个核苷酸,可以在大约一小时之内测序整个基因。

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4. This gene controls the glucose consumption of cells and so provides the fuel by which they grow and multiply.
这个基因控制着细胞对葡萄糖的消耗,这样它们可以获得提供给他们生长和繁殖的燃料。

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5. Only some people with the gene will develop the condition and not all people with dementia are carriers.
只是部分携带这种基因的人会患病,但并非所有痴呆病人都是携带者。

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6. But in its brief, the government said it now believed that the mere isolation of a gene, without further alteration or manipulation, does not change its nature.
但是在它的摘要里,政府说目前它认为仅仅是基因的分离,而没有进一步的改变或操纵,并没有改变它的性质。

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7. Sometimes it is because in the new population, the genetic background for their other genes masks the effect of gene A on depression.
有时,那是因为在新的人群中,人们其他的基因作用下的遗传背景掩盖了基因A对抑郁的效应。

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8. So a lot hangs on whether the association between gene and disease is real.
所以,这一切取决于基因与疾病之间是否真的有关联。

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9. One key area of research is gene therapy.
基因疗法是一个关键的研究领域。

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10. They have one abnormal gene from that parent and one normal gene from the other parent.
他们具有来自父母一方的一个异常基因和来自父母另一方的一个正常基因。

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11. But if both copies of a breast gene are abnormal, they no longer can stop abnormal growth.
但如果乳房基因的两个副本都是异常的,它们就不再能阻止异常生长。

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12. The production of a particular protein is the goal of each gene.
产生一种独特的蛋白质是每一个基因的目标。

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13. “We have beaten them in every aspect of the game, ” he said of rival gene hunters at American and British universities.
“我们已经在各个方面击败了他们,”他说到的对手是美国和英国的大学里的基因捕手。

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14. It has at least one gene necessary for photosynthesis—so far it’s the only animal known with this ability.
它有至少一个基因是光合作用所必需的——到目前为止这是唯一被发现具有此项能力的动物。

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15. But it needs some help, the gene itself isn’t enough.
但是它还需要一些帮助,那种基因本身是不够的。

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16. We have to do in-vitro cell culture experiments first, prove it in an animal model, and then develop a molecule or protein which will affect the mutated gene product.
我们首先得做一个体外细胞培养实验,在动物模型中证明它的存在,然后开发出一种能影响突变基因产物的分子或蛋白质。

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17. The researchers found that in just 12 generations, the gene had spread through half of the population.
这组科研人员发现仅仅过了12代,这种基因就传播到了种群的半数。

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18. The next step, he says, is to make HEG break up not the fluorescent protein gene but one that is crucial for malaria transmission.
他说,下一步是制造一个不在荧光蛋白基因位置断裂而是对疟原虫传播起关键作用的基因。

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19. The scientists were able to replicate the gene variation in a strain of mice and found that the mice needed less sleep than usual, too.
科学家能够在一种老鼠的身上复制这一基因变异,结果发现,这种老鼠需要的睡眠时间也比平常少了。

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20. Although we have used the genetically modified method in the study, we need not adopt this method in the practical seeding because the gene is identified from the rice itself.
虽然我们在该研究中使用了转基因技术,然而在实际播种中我们并不需要这种方法,因为这种基因是别自水稻本身。

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21. But researchers suspect a mutation in one gene allows some people to skip the process of forming fingerprints during development.
但是研究者猜想有一个基因突变使得有些人在生长过程中跳过指纹的形成过程。

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22. But researchers suspect a mutation in one gene allows some people to skip the process of forming fingerprints during development.
但是研究者猜想有一个基因突变使得有些人在生长过程中跳过指纹的形成过程。

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