词根词缀：contra-, contro-, counter, contre-

【来源及含义】Latin: against, opposed to, opposite, conflicting, different, clashing, unaccommodating

【同源单词】accounter, acrocontracture, contentious, contraband, contrabandist, contrabass

词根词缀：poen-, peno-, poino-, poin-, puni-, pain-, penal-, pent-

【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: pain, punishment, penalty

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; algo-; angina-; dolor-; Masochism; noci-; odyno-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism.

【同源单词】counterpunch, impunity, Nemo debet bis puniri pro uno delicto, pain, painful, painfully

词根词缀：pung-, punc-, punct-

【来源及含义】Latin: pungere, punctum to strike, to hit, to punch, to pierce, to puncture, to point, to sting, to bite; a dot, a mark; a point, a sharp point, a pinpoint

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly, or indirectly, to: "sour, sharp": acerb-; aceto-; acid-; acies- (not "sour"); acuto- (not "sour"); oxy-.

【同源单词】acupoint, acupunctuate, acupunctuation, acupuncturation, acupuncture, acupuncture