- tribulation
[tribulation 词源字典] - tribulation: [13] Latin trībulum denoted an agricultural implement consisting of a wooden board with sharp stones or metal teeth underneath, used for threshing grain (it was derived from the base *trī-, a variant of *ter- ‘rub’, which also produced English attrition, contrition, detriment, detritus, diatribe, tribadism ‘lesbianism’ [19], and trite).
From this was derived the verb trībulāre ‘press’, which was used by Christian writers for ‘oppress, afflict’. And this sense provoked the derivative trībulātiō ‘affliction’, which passed into English via Old French tribulation.
=> attrition, contrition, detriment, detritus, diatribe, throw, tribadism, trite[tribulation etymology, tribulation origin, 英语词源] - tribulation (n.)
- c. 1200, from Old French tribulacion (12c.), from Church Latin tribulationem (nominative tribulatio) "distress, trouble, affliction," noun of action from past participle stem of tribulare "to oppress, afflict," a figurative use by Christian writers of Latin tribulare "to press," also possibly "to thresh out grain," from tribulum "threshing sledge," from stem of terere "to rub" (see throw (v.)) + -bulum, suffix forming names of tools.
